NIKOLAI BERDYAEV Freedom is the result of spiritual growth Nikolai Berdyaev (1874-1948) was an important Russian religious existentialist philosopher. He is sometime called a philosopher of freedom, b...
EPICTETUS Freedom from wanting things not in our control Epictetus (55-135 AD) was a Stoic philosopher. He was born a slave, but was educated by his rich masters. He was freed as a young man, and bega...
IMMANUEL KANT RIGHT AND WRONGFRIENDSHIP Act from a sense to duty The German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was one of the most important figures in modern philosophy. He was born in König...
ALBERT CAMUS DEATH INNER FREEDOM Revolt against the absurd death Albert Camus (1913-1960) was an important French existentialist philosopher and novelist. He was born in French...
Paul Tillich (1886-1965) THEMES ON THIS PAGE: 1. THE COURAGE TO BE 2. SYMBOLS AND THE BEYOND 3. FAITH Paul Tillich (1886-1965) was an important German-American philosopher, Christian ...
JOHN POWYS Inner Solitude John Cowper Powys (1872-1963) was a British thinker, lecturer, novelist, literary critic, and poet. He was born to a family with several poets and writers, and stu...
Susanne Langer (1895-1985) THEMES ON THIS PAGE: 1. THE NEED TO SYMBOLIZE2. ART SHAPES FEELINGS 3. ART AS AN ILLUSION Susanne Langer (1895-1985) was an American Philosopher, one of th...
JOHANN GEORG ZIMMERMANN Solitude elevates the mind Johann Georg Ritter von Zimmermann (1728-1795) was a Swiss philosopher and medical doctor. He was born to a noble family, studied at the ...
JULIÁN MARÍAS . 1. SOLITUDE 2. PHILOSOPHIZING INCLUDES ITS HISTORY 3. THE EXPERIENCE OF LIFE4. TRUTH 5. AUTHENTICITY . TOPIC 1. SOLITUDE Solitude as a fo...
SØREN KIERKEGAARD ATTITUDESOLITUDE The aesthetic versus the ethical Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) was a Danish philosopher who is regarded as one of the two “fa...
GIACOMO LEOPARDI Music is not about beauty Giacomo Leopardi (1798-1837) was a major Italian thinker and poet who died at the age of 39. The following is from his book THOUGHTS (Pensieri, 18...
Friedrich Schlegel (1772-1829) THEMES ON THIS PAGE: 1. ON PHILOSOPHIZING – FRAGMENTS AND SYMPHILOSOPHY 2. PHILOSOPHY AND THE UNITY OF LIFE 3. POETIC ENERGY Friedrich Schlegel (17...
Emmanuel Levinas (1906-1995) Emmanuel Levinas was a Jewish French philosopher. He grew up in Lithuania and received Jewish education, and moved to France to study philosophy in 1924. Drafted to...
NEL NODDINGS - CARING Nel Noddings (1929–2022) was an American feminist philosopher of education, best known for her work on the ethics of caring, or care ethics. She started her career as an elementa...
THEMES ON THIS PAGE: 1. FIDELITY TO MYSELF 2. GENEROSITY AS LIGHT 3. PHILOSOPHICAL EXPERIENCE 4. BEING TOGETHER 5. ATTITUDE TO LIFE 6. DEEP IDEAS Gabriel Marcel (1...
Ralph Waldo Emerson FRIENDSHIP AS ELEVATING THE SOUL Emerson (1803-1882) was an American philosopher, writer and poet, who was the leader of the Transcendentalist movement of the 19th century. ...
THEMES ON THIS PAGE: 1. ALIENATION AT WORK2. ORIGIN OF CONSCIOUSNESS3. HUMAN NATURE Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German philosopher and social revolutionary whose writings had a tremendous influence on...
JOHN STUART MILL (1806-1873) Higher and lower kinds of happiness John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) was a British philosopher who was very influential in the fields of Ethics, Political Philosophy, an...
EDMUND BURKE The Terror of the Sublime Edmund Burke (1729–1797) was a British philosopher and politician. He grew up in Dublin, Ireland, which was then part of Britain, and after college education mov...
Gottfried Leibniz – The philosophical insight of a teenager Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) was an important German philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. In mathematics, he discovered diffe...